After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, there were only 540 million inhabitants, however, was the first President of the Republic of China Mao Zedong of the opinion that a large state also requires a huge population. Since the 1960 years is a deliberate birth control made so that the population may have only one child per couple, the so-called "one child policy, couples should get more than one child, are special taxes, or even penalties. The reviews are managed regionally. However, this will be different from region to region controlled and regulated, it is allowed as a peasant in some districts still have a second child if the first was a girl. The national minorities of China are given preferential treatment in this case, it is not uncommon in these families three or more children found. However, there are in the People's Republic of China, free contraceptives and abortions without penalty. By birth estimated 340 million births were prevented. Since 2010, it is women over 35 years to welcome another child into the world.

The life expectancy of the male population is on average 70 years, the female in 74 years. The Chinese population lives in extreme poverty for the most part, but since 1980 it has managed the government that the people had to endure no more famines. The annual income of the rural population is 95 euro, when it comes to the city population is 145 Euro. In addition, over 300 million of the population living in the country lack access to clean drinking water. In 1978 only 20 percent of the population lived in cities, today there are already over 40 percent. The population of China under strict censorship, there is strict monitoring on the Internet. Arrests with high Strefen are not uncommon, human rights groups demanding more freedoms and a democracy for the Chinese. Since 2004, China is a real and has even added a new addition in its Constitution.